Have Changes Occured Between 1880 and Now?

Birds

Summary

How have bird species changed from 1880 to now? Bird species abundance and diversity has certainly changed between now and the 1880’s when the Champlain Society was running field courses on Mount Desert Island (MDI). We compared the Champlain Society’s species list that they kept over the 4 year duration they were active on MDI, to the past 4 years of eBird and iNaturalist data from 2018-2021. Today, there are 95 common species on MDI, whereas in the early 1880’s there were only 60 common species. So, the diveristy of regularly occuring species has increased. Table 1 lists all species that were not recorded historically or were rare, but are now common or have increased greatly since the 1880’s. When looking at the changes of the species recorded historically we do see a 26% decrease in these species (Figure 1, Table 3). Table 1 and Table 2 highlight the species with noteable changes over the last 150 years. For a full list of changes to species see Table 4.


Species Changes

**Figure 1**. The bar graph shows changes in the species recorded by the Champlain Society in the 1880's. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

Figure 1. The bar graph shows changes in the species recorded by the Champlain Society in the 1880’s. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.


Notably Increasing Species

Table 1. This table shows the species that have increased drastically in abundance since the 1880’s. From this, we can infer that these species have expanded their range likely as a result of cliamte change and landscape change. There are 33 species that are now common on MDI that were not present historically, and 19 species that are uncommon but regular and were not present historically. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

Click to see the full table

common.name scientific.name frequency.1880 frequency.current freq.changes
Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens very rare common increased
Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata rare common increased
Brown Creeper Certhia americana rare common increased
Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis very rare uncommon increased
Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe rare common increased
Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra rare common increased
Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis very rare uncommon increased
Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria rare common increased
Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola not detected uncommon increased
Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata not detected uncommon increased
Canada Goose Branta canadensis not detected common increased
Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina not detected uncommon increased
Common Eider Somateria mollissima not detected common increased
Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula not detected common increased
Common Merganser Mergus merganser not detected common increased
Common Raven Corvus corax not detected common increased
Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii not detected uncommon increased
Double-crested Cormorant Nannopterum auritum not detected common increased
Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus not detected common increased
Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens not detected common increased
European Starling Sturnus vulgaris not detected uncommon increased
Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis not detected common increased
Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus not detected common increased
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo not detected uncommon increased
Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus not detected uncommon increased
Great Egret Ardea alba not detected uncommon increased
Green-winged Teal Anas crecca not detected uncommon increased
Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus not detected common increased
House Finch Haemorhous mexicanus not detected common increased
House Sparrow Passer domesticus not detected common increased
Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla not detected common increased
Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus not detected uncommon increased
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos not detected common increased
Merlin Falco columbarius not detected common increased
Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura not detected common increased
Nelson’s Sparrow Ammospiza nelsoni not detected common increased
Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis not detected common increased
Northern Gannet Morus bassanus not detected common increased
Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum not detected uncommon increased
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus not detected common increased
Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus not detected common increased
Pine Warbler Setophaga pinus not detected common increased
Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena not detected uncommon increased
Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis not detected common increased
Rock Pigeon Columba livia not detected common increased
Ruby-crowned Kinglet Corthylio calendula not detected uncommon increased
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus not detected common increased
Snowy Egret Egretta thula not detected uncommon increased
Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana not detected common increased
Tennessee Warbler Leiothlypis peregrina not detected uncommon increased
Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor not detected uncommon increased
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura not detected common increased
Veery Catharus fuscescens not detected uncommon increased
White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis not detected common increased
White-winged Scoter Melanitta deglandi not detected common increased
Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo not detected common increased
Wilson’s Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus not detected uncommon increased
Wood Duck Aix sponsa not detected common increased
Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina not detected common increased
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius not detected uncommon increased

**Figure 5**. Black-throated Blue Warbler (*Setophaga caerulescens*) distribution across MDI.

Figure 5. Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) distribution across MDI.


**Figure 6**. Blue Jay (*Cyanocitta cristata*) distribution across MDI.

Figure 6. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) distribution across MDI.


**Figure 7**. Eastern Phoebe (*Sayornis phoebe*) distribution across MDI.

Figure 7. Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) distribution across MDI.


Noteably Decreasing Species

Table 2. This table shows the species that have decreased drastically in abundance since the 1880’s. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

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common.name scientific.name frequency.1880 frequency.current freq.changes
American Woodcock Scolopax minor common rare decreased
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia common rare decreased
Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus common rare decreased
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax common very rare decreased
Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla uncommon very rare decreased
Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis common rare decreased
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica common rare decreased
Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota common very rare decreased
Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius rare extinct decreased
Pine Siskin Spinus pinus common rare decreased
Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus common rare decreased
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris common rare decreased

**Figure 2**. American Woodcock (*Scolopax minor*) distribution across MDI.

Figure 2. American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) distribution across MDI.


**Figure 3**. Black-crowned Night-Heron (*Nycticorax nycticorax*) distribution across MDI.

Figure 3. Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) distribution across MDI.


**Figure 4**. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (*Empidonax flaviventris*) distribution across MDI.

Figure 4. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) distribution across MDI.


All Decreasing Species

Table 3. This table shows the species we know to have descreased in abundance since the 1880’s. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

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common.name scientific.name frequency.1880 frequency.current frequency.changes
American Woodcock Scolopax minor common rare decreased
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia common rare decreased
Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea common uncommon decreased
Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus common rare decreased
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax common very rare decreased
Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla uncommon very rare decreased
Boreal Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus rare very rare decreased
Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis common rare decreased
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica common rare decreased
Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus uncommon rare decreased
Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea rare very rare decreased
Nashville Warbler Leiothlypis ruficapilla common uncommon decreased
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps rare very rare decreased
Pine Siskin Spinus pinus common rare decreased
Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris rare very rare decreased
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres uncommon rare decreased
Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus common rare decreased
Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus uncommon rare decreased
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris common rare decreased
Eastern Whip-poor-will Antrostomus vociferus rare very rare decreased
Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius rare extinct decreased
Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota common very rare decreased
Purple Martin Progne subis rare very rare decreased


Total Species List Changes

Table 5. This table breaks down of all species recorded by the Champlain Society with their frquency status from the 1880’s and today. If you look at the ‘Changes in Frequency’ column you can see how these species have changed from historic times. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

Click to see the full table

common.name scientific.name frequency.1880 frequency.current frequency.changes
Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum common common no change
American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus rare uncommon increased
American Black Duck Anas rubripes common common no change
American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos common common no change
American Goldfinch Spinus tristis common common no change
American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla common common no change
American Robin Turdus migratorius common common no change
American Woodcock Scolopax minor common rare decreased
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus common common no change
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia common rare decreased
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica common common no change
Barred Owl Strix varia uncommon common increased
Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea common uncommon decreased
Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon common common no change
Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle common common no change
Black Scoter Melanitta americana rare uncommon increased
Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia common common no change
Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus common rare decreased
Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapillus common common no change
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax common very rare decreased
Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla uncommon very rare decreased
Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens common common no change
Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca common common no change
Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata rare common increased
Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius common common no change
Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus uncommon uncommon no change
Bonaparte’s Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia uncommon common increased
Boreal Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus rare very rare decreased
Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus common common no change
Brown Creeper Certhia americana rare common increased
Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis common rare decreased
Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum common common no change
Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica common common no change
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica common rare decreased
Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina common common no change
Common Loon Gavia immer uncommon common increased
Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor common common no change
Common Tern Sterna hirundo common common no change
Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas common common no change
Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis common common no change
Downy Woodpecker Dryobates pubescens common common no change
Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus uncommon rare decreased
Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe rare common increased
Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa common common no change
Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias common common no change
Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca uncommon common increased
Hairy Woodpecker Dryobates villosus common common no change
Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus common common no change
Herring Gull Larus argentatus common common no change
Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea rare very rare decreased
Leach’s Storm-Petrel Hydrobates leucorhous rare rare no change
Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla common common no change
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes uncommon common increased
Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia common common no change
Nashville Warbler Leiothlypis ruficapilla common uncommon decreased
Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus common common no change
Northern Harrier Circus hudsonius rare uncommon increased
Northern Parula Setophaga americana common common no change
Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis rare rare no change
Osprey Pandion haliaetus common common no change
Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla common common no change
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps rare very rare decreased
Pine Siskin Spinus pinus common rare decreased
Purple Finch Haemorhous purpureus common common no change
Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra rare common increased
Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis common common no change
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus common common no change
Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus uncommon common increased
Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris rare very rare decreased
Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris common common no change
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres uncommon rare decreased
Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus common rare decreased
Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis common common no change
Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla common common no change
Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus uncommon common increased
Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus uncommon rare decreased
Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria rare common increased
Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia common common no change
Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius common common no change
Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus common common no change
Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor common common no change
Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus rare rare no change
White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis common common no change
White-winged Crossbill Loxia leucoptera rare uncommon increased
Wilson’s Warbler Cardellina pusilla rare rare no change
Winter Wren Troglodytes hiemalis common common no change
Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia common common no change
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris common rare decreased
Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata common common no change
Eastern Whip-poor-will Antrostomus vociferus rare very rare decreased
Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius rare extinct decreased
Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota common very rare decreased
Purple Martin Progne subis rare very rare decreased


Methodological Information

The historical dataset from the Champlain Society was collected from early July through the first week of September 1880-1883. To properly compare these data to modern day, we used eBird and iNaturalist data filtered to the same early July through the first week of Septemeber time frame, and to the same number of years (4) from 2018-2021. To compare how often these species were/are detected, we had to create a qualitative descriptor properly assinged to the species as the historical dataset did not allow for a quantitative analysis. These designations were assigned based on the Champlain Society’s notes, and other sources describing bird abundance around that time. For the modern dataset we used a count of the number of times a species was reported and designated a category based on these bins: < 5 = ‘very rare’, 5 > 20 = ‘rare’, 20 > 50 = ‘uncommon’, > 50 = ‘common.’

During the analysis, we compared these detection frequencies across modern and historic times, and separated into their own tables (the ‘Notably’ increasing or decreasing tables) species with changes greater than one category less common or more common. So, for example if a species was common in the 1880s but is now uncommon, that would not fall into the notable changes. Whereas, if a species was common in the 1880s but is now rare, that would qualify as a noteably decreasing species. Considering the qualitative nature of our data with broad bins in which species were assigned, this makes it very difficult to distinguish fine scale details. So the larger the change the more confident we can be in saying that the species trend we are observing is true.

Insects

Summary

How have insects species changed from 1900 to now? To answer this question, we first delved into the efforts of the iNaturalist community and compared this to a historical collection of insects compiled by Proctor in the early 1900’s. On the initial look at these data, there was a stark diffence between the two datasets. Proctor had collected 1360 species, while the iNaturalist community over the last 10 years only identified 362 species. A lot of can be contributed to the difference in methods, collection vs. the far less invasive photo documentation of iNaturalist. While iNaturalist methods are much safer and less invasive, there are limiations as many insects can only be identified to species in the hand with equipment such as loops, microscopes, etc. This means we need your help!! Community efforts by citizens scientists are invaluable and can accomplish documentation on scales matched by no other. In order to properly make inferences from the iNaturalist dataset, we need more effort in and around Acadia National Park to document more species that are present in the area.

The modern iNaturalist community identified 274 of the 1360 species (20%) that Proctor documented in the 1900’s. Interestingly, the rest of those 362 species identified by the iNaturalist community (specificially 88 species) were not recorded by Proctor’s efforts (Table 1). This could mean that these species were not present in the early 1900’s.

For those with in-depth insect taxonomy knowledge, Figure 1 might be intruiging. For those who aren’t well versed, lets take a closer look at the changes in the three most diverse families of Lepidoptera during the 1900’s: Noctuidae, Tortricidae, and Geometridae respectively.


Modern Species not Recorded by Proctor

Table 1. This table shows the 88 species that the iNaturalist community identified over the past 10 years, that were not recorded by Proctor in the 1900s. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

Click to see the full table

order super.family family scientific.name common.name
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Acleris forsskaleana Maple Leaftier Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Acronicta fallax Green Marvel
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Acronicta funeralis Funerary Dagger
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Acronicta insita Large Gray Dagger
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Acronicta oblinita Smeared Dagger
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae Anania hortulata Small Magpie
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Hesperiidae Anatrytone logan Delaware Skipper
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Apantesis figurata Figured Tiger Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Apantesis virgo Virgin Tiger Moth
Lepidoptera Zygaenoidea Limacodidae Apoda biguttata Shagreened Slug Moth
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Archips dissitana Boldly-marked Archips Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Arctia parthenos St. Lawrence Tiger Moth
Lepidoptera Gelechioidea Gelechiidae Arogalea cristifasciella White Stripe-backed Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Nolidae Baileya doubledayi Doubleday’s Baileya Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Bellura obliqua Cattail Borer Moth
Hymenoptera Apoidea Apidae Bombus griseocollis Brown-belted Bumble Bee
Hymenoptera Apoidea Apidae Bombus impatiens Common Eastern Bumble Bee
Lepidoptera Bombycoidea Saturniidae Callosamia promethea Promethea Silkmoth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Calophasia lunula Toadflax Brocade Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Hesperiidae Carterocephalus mandan Arctic Skipper
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Lycaenidae Celastrina lucia Northern Azure
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Cenopis reticulatana Reticulated Fruitworm Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Chytolita morbidalis Morbid Owlet
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Coenonympha california Common Ringlet
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Cycnia tenera Delicate Cycnia Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Notodontidae Datana contracta Contracted Datana Moth
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae Donacaula longirostrallus Long-beaked Donacaula Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Doryodes spadaria Dull Doryodes Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Elaphria alapallida Pale-winged Midget
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae Eoparargyractis plevie
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Hesperiidae Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Hesperiidae Erynnis juvenalis Juvenal’s Duskywing
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Euchaetes egle Milkweed Tussock Moth
Lepidoptera Zygaenoidea Limacodidae Euclea delphinii Spiny Oak-slug Moth
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Eucosma ochroterminana Buff-tipped Eucosma Moth
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Eucosma parmatana Aster Eucosma Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Eudryas grata Beautiful Wood-nymph
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Eupsilia vinulenta Straight-toothed Sallow
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Feltia herilis Master’s Dart
Lepidoptera Pterophoroidea Pterophoridae Geina buscki Buck’s Plume Moth
Lepidoptera Gelechioidea Autostichidae Gerdana caritella
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Lycaenidae Glaucopsyche lygdamus Silvery Blue
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Gymnandrosoma punctidiscanum Dotted Gymnandrosoma Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Haploa clymene Clymene Moth
Lepidoptera Bombycoidea Sphingidae Hemaris aethra Diervilla Clearwing
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Hypena manalis Flowing-line Snout
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Pyralidae Hypsopygia olinalis Yellow-fringed Dolichomia Moth
Lepidoptera Geometroidea Geometridae Idaea dimidiata Single-dotted Wave
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Lethe anthedon Northern Pearly-eye
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Lethe appalachia Appalachian Brown
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Limenitis arthemis arthemis American White Admiral
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Lithophane baileyi Bailey’s Pinion Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Hesperiidae Lon hobomok Hobomok Skipper
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Lophocampa caryae Hickory Tussock Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Lycaenidae Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas Eastern American Copper
Lepidoptera Geometroidea Geometridae Macaria aemulataria Common Angle
Lepidoptera Geometroidea Geometridae Macaria pustularia Lesser Maple Spanworm Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Maliattha synochitis Black-dotted Glyph
Lepidoptera Bombycoidea Sphingidae Manduca sexta Carolina Sphinx
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Megisto cymela Little Wood Satyr
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae Microcrambus biguttellus Gold-striped Grass-veneer
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Mycterophora inexplicata Pale-edged Snout Moth
Lepidoptera Geometroidea Geometridae Nematocampa resistaria Horned Spanworm Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Neoligia exhausta Exhausted Brocade
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Noctua pronuba Large Yellow Underwing
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Nymphalis l-album Compton Tortoiseshell
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Oligia strigilis Marbled Minor
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Panopoda rufimargo Red-lined Panopoda Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Papilionidae Papilio canadensis Canadian Tiger Swallowtail
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Papilionidae Papilio polyxenes Black Swallowtail
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Pelochrista derelicta Derelict Pelochrista Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Phyciodes cocyta Northern Crescent
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Platynota exasperatana Exasperating Platynota Moth
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Pyralidae Pococera expandens Striped Oak Webworm Moth
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Noctuidae Psectraglaea carnosa Pink Sallow
Lepidoptera Geometroidea Geometridae Rheumaptera prunivorata Cherry Scallop Shell Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Lycaenidae Satyrium liparops Striped Hairstreak
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae Scoparia biplagialis Double-striped Scoparia Moth
Lepidoptera Gelechioidea Gelechiidae Scrobipalpula manierreorum
Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae Sitochroa palealis Carrot Seed Moth
Lepidoptera Tortricoidea Tortricidae Sparganothis tristriata Three-streaked Sparganothis Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Speyeria cybele Great Spangled Fritillary
Lepidoptera Sphingoidea Sphingidae Sphinx poecila Northern Apple Sphinx
Lepidoptera Hepialoidea Hepialidae Sthenopis pretiosus Gold-spotted Ghost Moth
Lepidoptera Papilionoidea Hesperiidae Thymelicus lineola Essex Skipper
Lepidoptera Geometroidea Geometridae Xanthotype Crocus Geometer Moths
Hymenoptera Apoidea Apidae Xylocopa virginica Eastern Carpenter Bee
Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Erebidae Zanclognatha laevigata Variable Fan-foot


Comparisons by Insect Families

**Figure 1**. Comparison of the number of species by family from modern iNaturalist data and historical data collected by Proctor in the 1900's. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.

Figure 1. Comparison of the number of species by family from modern iNaturalist data and historical data collected by Proctor in the 1900’s. All data was collected on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA.